In addition, they seem to modulate the anxiolytic effects of diazepam after both acute and repeated administration, probably as a result of an endogenous adenosinergic mechanism which may have therapeutic significance. The date extracts were also subjected to hplc analysis to detect the presence of common bioactive polyphenols. Anxiolytic effects in mice were measured using the elevated plusmaze, hole board, and openfield tests. Effects of nociceptin on the exploratory behavior of mice in. In the elevated plus maze test, the time spent in the openclosed arms and the number of entries by mice were observed. Research report motor effects of delta 9 thc in cerebellar lurcher mutant mice. Apr 08, 2015 this protocol describes the modified hole board mhb, which combines features from a traditional hole board and open field and is designed to measure multiple dimensions of unconditioned behavior in small laboratory mammals e. A computerassisted odorized hole board for testing olfactory perception in mice.
This is an important task used to evaluate anxiolytic or anxiogenic activity of compounds 10. Changes in the emotional state of mice were evaluated in terms of changes in exploratory activity. The hole board apparatus consists of a laminated plywood board 40 9 40, 2. In the hole board test, mice were observed for numberduration of head dips and number of sectional crossings. A number of widely used tests measure a single behavioral parameter which does not completely cover the. Some researchers have even placed an infrared beam at a certain level in the hole and counts a visit as a beam break 2 when carrying out a hole board test, the apparatus sometimes doesnt even need to have holes.
Sedative activity of mete was investigated using open field, hole cross and thiopental sodiuminduced sleeping time test model whereas anxiolytic activity was screened by elevatedplus maze, lightdark box, hole board and marbleburying test method in mice at 200 and 400 mgkg doses. Headdipping was measured by the infrared cells placed. The apparatus consisted of a 21 21 36cm transparent perspex chamber with anontransparentfloor raised5 cmabovethebottomofthechamber, with12equallyspacedholes,2 cmindiameter. A number of widely used tests measure a single behavioral parameter which does not completely cover the entire phenotype of a behavioral dimension. Anxiolytic activity of aerial part hydroethanolic extract. Journal information boards and committees indexing and listing sources publication ethics and publication malpractice statement journal metrics contact us search. The forced swim test involves the scoring of active movements such as swimming and climbing vs. Effect of matricaria recutita hydroalcoholic extract on anxiety behavior in mice by hole board test. The animals had one test per day and after each experiment, each apparatus was cleaned with an alcohol solution 50%. After the olfactory bulbs were lesioned, sham and obx mice were housed in single cages for 14 days.
The elevated plus maze epm test is used to assess anxietyrelated behavior in rodent models of cns disorders. The results obtained from hole board test are represents in table 2. Hole board the hole board test measures exploratory activity. Anxiolytic effect of saponins from panax quinquefolium in mice. This protocol describes the modified hole board mhb, which.
The holeboard test hbt is an experimental method used in scientific research to measure anxiety, stress, neophilia and emotionality in animals. The emotionality of mice was estimated by the hole board test. An infrared beam sensor was installed on the wall to detect the number of headdipping behaviors, and the latency to the first headdips. Changes in headdipping behavior in the holeboard test. Pdf the exploratory behaviour of rats in the holeboard. Two aspects of the reliability of the holeboard apparatus were investigatedthe similarity between scores of different samples of the same population on their first exposure to the apparatus, and the test retest reliability. Preliminary central nervous system effects of the aqueous. The percent investigation times vertical axis of the two holes were similar open bars. Repeated exposure to an elevated maze, which consists of open areas and closed areas, may have resulted in the subjects retreating into the darker, closed arms once an initial investigation had found no potential escape routes from the apparatus. In the present study, the anxiolytic property also evaluated by the aid of another model recognized as hoal board model. Gas chromatographic analyses of the volatile components. The hbt was designed in the 1970s to mitigate the flaws of the open field test.
Holes 16 with a diameter of 3 cm each were distributed evenly on the floor. Changes in emotional behavior of mice in the holeboard test. Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of. Taken together our result showed a protective effect in alcohol withdrawal. I had a lazy mouse, and a hard working invading shrew. These results suggest that changes in headdipping behavior may reflect the anxiogenic andor anxiolytic state of animals, and that our automatic holeboard apparatus is a novel, sensitive and reliable model of anxiety that detects both anxiolytic and anxiogenic activity. Thirty minutes before each test, mice in each group received one oral administration of og 5, 10, or. This test has been demonstrated to involve the hippocampus 9. The hole board test for anxiety in mice was implemented as previously described by clark et al. The modified hole board measuring behavior, cognition. Mice were placed in a black perspex box 50 cm 50 cm, walls 30 cm high with 16 equally spacedholes2. However, the main behavior consider ed here is a specific ethological parameter called head dip for the hole board test used in this work, the equipment used was a wooden made. Rats and mice were given a 5min exposure to the hole board and then retested for 5 min after 1, 2 or 8 days.
The effects of nociceptin on the exploratory behavior of mice were examined using an automatic hole board apparatus. In addition, the number of head dips and hole crosses significantly p mice in hole board and hole cross tests respectively, compared to control group. Effect of matricaria recutita hydroalcoholic extract on anxiety behavior in. It is concluded that the xanthine drugs exert anxiolyticlike activity similar to diazepam in the hole board test. Ferulic acid was tested as 10 and 20 mg kg, orally. This paradigm is a valuable alternative for the use of a behavioral test battery, since a broad behavioral spectrum of. Mice were considered to be in the centre when the full body was within the centre area, and near the wall when all four feet were within the 4 cm area between the masking tape and the wall. The aim of this study was to characterize the emotional behavior of obx mice using the hole board test. Hole board test like the epm test, the hole board test is based on an rodents 12. In the hole board test, the tendency of head dips significantly p in the mice treated with meph after 30 min of oral administration at 200, 350, and 500 mgkg while compared with the control group fig. Tweet about the of mice and object detection in matlab pdf men lesson plans email the of mice and. Zahedan journal of research in medical sciences effect.
The anxiolytic activity was evaluated with the adult mice by hole board test, and the lightdark box test, and motor coordination with the rota rod test. Involvement of brain 5ht7 receptors in the formation of. Evaluations were done 1 h posttreatment and the duration of observation was mostly 5 min. Basic research chronic consumption of distilled sugarcane. Effects of light or dark phase testing on behavioural and. The levels of 5ht 7 receptor expression and extracellular signalregulated kinase 12 erk phosphorylation were assessed by western blot analysis. Hole board tests exploratory behavior of mice n 7 was examined by the hole board test takeda et al. The anxiolytic activity was examined by using the lightdark box test and the hole board test, and motor coordination test assessed with the rota rod test. The subject mouse can receive visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli from the cage mate, but physical interaction is blocked. They describe an automated vertical hole board with many up to 50 holes. The exploratory behaviour of rats in the holeboard apparatus. The modified hole board as a differential screen for behavior in.
This protocol describes the modified hole board mhb, which combines features from a traditional hole board and open field and is designed to measure multiple dimensions of unconditioned behavior in small laboratory mammals e. Hole board device according to the boissiersimon method. The modified hole board mhb is used to assess multiple dimensions of unconditioned behavior, mainly in mice and rats 1. Anxiolytic benzodiazepinelike properties of mimosa. To establish the mhb test, we investigated the behavior of wistar rats that had been bred selectively for innate emotionality on the elevated plus maze epm. The use of the hole board in this perspective relies on the hypothesis that the behavior of animals exposed to a novel situation results from competition between an exploratory tendency and a withdrawal tendency. Tail suspension test hole board test mice abstract evidence show that gammaaminobutyric acid gaba receptors are involved in depression, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrazepam as agonist of gaba a receptors on depression and curiosity in male mice and the role of potassium channel in antidepressantlike response. Effect of the formulation on forced swim test in mice 68 7. Effect of aqueous extract of moringa oleifera leaves on. Sedative and hypnotic activities of the methanolic and. Pharmacological and genetic influences on holeboard.
The effect of diabetes on the emotional behavior of mice was examined using an automatic hole board apparatus. Apr 24, 2015 the present study was designed to study anxiolytic property of methanolic extracts of urtica urens. Impact of preexposure of tail suspension on behavioural. The ld50 was estimated by the log doseprobit analysis method randhawa, 2009. A single exposure to restraint stress for 60 min induced a decrease in headdipping behavior in the hole board test. The extract also causes significant p mice in hole board test. Effect of the formulation on pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in mice. Apr 05, 2004 the effects of nociceptin on the exploratory behavior of mice were examined using an automatic hole board apparatus. The holeboard discrimination task was conducted in test. Modification of the effects of benzodiazepines on the. The exploratory behaviour of rats in the hole board apparatus. An in vivo study regarding analgesic and anxiolytic activity. Research paper chewing during prenatal stress prevents.
As to hole board assay, by means of mva, we have demonstrated that edgesniff, a specific sniffing activity of holes edge, has complex relationships with headdip and with several components of the behavioral structure 6, 7, 8. Mice of all groups, treated with mehl after 30 min of oral administration at 100 mgkg, 200 mgkg and 300 mgkg respectively and diazepam 1 mgkg significantly decreased the head dips p mice after acute and chronic administration using hole board test. Hole board test brown et al was used to evaluate the anxiolyticlike effect of eo extract in mice after acute and chronic administration 10 days. Mice were submitted to the acquisition test 2 min with either carvone or limonene present in both holes of the holeboard. An increase in the headdipping response was taken to indicate an anxiolyticlike.
The forced swim test fst is one of the most commonly used animal models for assessing antidepressantlike behavior. Many unconditioned tests, such as the open field, potentially confound general locomotor activity with exploration. Mice were individually placed in the centre of a perforated board, and the number of head dips was registered during a 5 min. The data obtained from the modified hole board can be visualized by graphing any of the multiple behavioral parameters this test measures. The hole board apparatus is a box that has a board near the middle, usually with 9 holes evenly spaced out. Mouse was placed in the center of the digital photoactometer dolphine digital photoactometer, activity cage, cat no 1126 and locomotion score was recorded over 10 min7. The exploratory behaviour of rats in the holeboard. Immediately following the acquisition test, all the. Ltd, osaka, japan with 16 holes 3 cm diameter in a gridpattern. Persistent activation of microglia and nadph drive. Sep 01, 2006 pharmacological and genetic influences on hole board behaviors in mice pharmacological and genetic influences on hole board behaviors in mice kliethermes, christopher l crabbe, john c. Neurotoxicological profile assessment of lobeline after. Effects of hawthorn seed and pulp extracts on the central. The hole board test hbt is an experimental method used in scientific research to measure anxiety, stress, neophilia and emotionality in animals.
Effect of the formulation on motor coordination test using rotarod apparatus in mice. Comparative study of neuropharmacological, analgesic. The line for motor coordination, exercise and activity includes grip strength meter, hole board, activity wheels and cages, and the newer rodent treadmill. The partition task is another simple assay for assessing sociability in mice. Dec 08, 2017 experimenting with how small a home a mouse is able to fit through. Read pharmacological and genetic influences on hole board behaviors in mice, pharmacology biochemistry and behavior on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The perforated board test was made by using a wood floor board, 40 cm. The holeboard test is mainly used for assessing exploratory behaviors in. This effect was comparable to that of the diazepam 1. Crf receptor blockade prevents initiation and consolidation.
The reliability of the holeboard apparatus springerlink. To test whether anxiolytic treatment specifically modulates the avoidance of carnivore urine holes, we treated rats with buspirone. Research report motor effects of delta 9 thc in cerebellar. The similar effect found in mice treated with diazepam 1 mgkg. Protective effects of ferulic acid in alcohol withdrawal. This test also provides a simple method for assessing anxious response of a rodent to an unfamiliar environment. In this test, the frequency and duration of headdipping are assumed to provide for measures of neophilia that are independent from the general locomotor activity of the animal file and wardill, 1975. For instance, in the circular hole board test, naive male mice locate with a hippocampalassociated spatial strategy an exit hole at a fixed location flagged by a. The trial was carried out 1 h min after the treatments. In vivo sedative and anxiolytic activities of thunbergia.
Effect of the formulation on hole board test apparatus in mice 72 8. The number of headdips in the hole board test in singlehoused obx mice was significantly greater than that in singlehoused sham mice. Anxiolytic and sedative properties of hydroethanolic. Effects of nociceptin on the exploratory behavior of mice. Research article pharmacological evaluation of sedative. Data acquisition the 6650 hole board is provided with a connector for branching it to the multifunction printer cat.
The modified hole board measuring behavior, cognition and. In this test the number of headdippings into holes is expression of object exploration. Another hole board test which deserves mention has been recently described by iversen and mogensen 1988. After the hole board test, mice were transferred by the tail to the epm. Automated tube test the tube test is a well known test paradigm designed to measure altered social dominance and investigate social hierarchies in mice lindzey et al. Because of its ability to measure multiple behaviors it is a popular test in behavioral pharmacology, but the results are controversial. Anxiolytic effects of orcinol glucoside and orcinol. The study was conducted using a wooden board measuring 20 cm by 40 cm with sixteen evenly spaced holes.
The dimensioning of the board and holes has been optimized for mice in the 1530 g range, to provide negligible false recordings. Pdf the exploratory behaviour of rats in the holeboard apparatus. By contrast, our ireb2deficient mice did not suffer from any of these problems at 14 months of age when analyzed using the modified hole board test, a procedure that combines the. Typically, a hole visit is defined as when the nose of the animal turns over the edge of the hole or is placed into the hole. Micewereallowedto explore the chamber for 3 min, and the number of explored holes. Pdf a computerassisted odorized holeboard for testing. Strain a is prone to anxiety, whereas strain b is not. Hole board test mice were placed on the hole board apparatus 400 mm x 400 mm x 20 mm, model no. Holeboard discrimination learning in mice request pdf.
Microstructural assessment of rodent behavior in the hole. Holeboard discrimination learning in mice wiley online library. Below is an example of a few behavioral phenotyping parameters of two strains of mice using the modified hole board. Two aspects of the reliability of the holeboard apparatus were investigatedthe similarity between scores of different samples of the same population on their first exposure to the apparatus, and the testretest reliability. Animal welfare and meeting research requirements in universities and research centers in pakistan. Neuropharmacological evaluation hole board test by gusto a research group procedure.
Zahedan journal of research in medical sciences effect of. Hole board test mice were individually placed in the centre of a perforated board, and the number of head dips was registered during a 5 min. All the three date extracts extended the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time, reduced locomotor activity in open field test and reduced exploratory behaviour in hole board test in mice. Behaviors measured include frequency of visits, duration, temporal visit pattern, spatial visit. The mhb has been pharmacologically validated for both mice and rats1,6. Antianxiety effects of mercurialis annua aqueous extract. Noradrenergic control of odor recognition in a nonassociative. Hole board method test file, 1973 in mice was used for exploratory behavior.